Career Plan Building Activity: Reasoning Aptitude

Completing the Career Plan Reasoning Aptitude Survey my profile shows that I could work well in careers where success comes from applying practical skills and where thinking is used mostly to solve practical problems. It also states that I am likely to be attracted to very practical jobs and careers. There are two tabs, Strengths and Opportunities for the results of the Reasoning Aptitude Survey. The first tab Strengths has five bars and out of five bars I received three for each of the six categories. The six category results show I focus on customer needs and satisfaction, sets high standards for both quality and quantity, works in an orderly way, and achieves project goals. I show an interest in new experiences, I am punctual, follows instruction, safety instructions and requirements of their role, adapts to changing circumstances, and I adapt interpersonal style to suit different people or situations. The next tab is opportunities and there are also 5 bars for score and six categories, on opportunities I received one bar out five and I am unable to get the results to these categories. My thinking style can help influence my approach to arguments by being more in tune with the different ways people understand and learn things and how I approach these methods of understanding. Consider how to best respond to others whether it is information for a meeting or another co worker and evaluate how each person will receive the information. By learning how to approach others and understand how each person learns will allow me to be able to communicate persuasively with others and build a rapport with others.

Wk 1 Discussion

What is meant by an â€Å"agency cost† or â€Å"agency problem†? Do these interfere with shareholder wealth maximization? Why? What mechanisms minimize these costs/problems? Are executive compensation contracts effective in mitigating these costs/problems? Our textbook defines an agency problem as a â€Å"conflict between the goals of a firm’s owners and its managers† (Megginson & Smart, 2009). It then defines agency costs as dollar costs that arise because of this conflict.In the corporate structure, stockholders are the owners of the firm, and they elect a board of directors to oversee the firm and help protect their investment. The board then hires the right corporate managers to run the firm with the goal of maximizing the wealth of the shareholders. In a vacuum, this is a perfect framework by which to run a corporation; however, the reality is that a corporation’s managers are influenced and driven both by the company’s goals and by thei r own personal goals.Our textbook lists a few of those goals on page 25 as personal wealth, job security, lifestyle, prestige, and ‘perks’ (Megginson & Smart, 2009). These agency problems can directly interfere with the corporation’s goal of shareholder wealth maximization because of the costs that these problems create. For example, an executive might become so focused on his personal goals that he â€Å"takes his eye off the ball† of the company’s goals. In addition, the board may have to institute costly auditing or bonding measures to ensure the effectiveness of its managers, or protect the company from executive wrongdoing.Our text lays out three broad ways that shareholders can try to mitigate these types of agency problems; they are: relying on market forces, structured executive compensation packages, and the auditing/bonding measures discussed above (Megginson & Smart, 2009). The â€Å"market forces† category is loosely defined as th e pressure put on a business by the rest of the market and its competitors. This can manifest itself in the form of a hostile takeover, whereas another entity purchases a controlling interest in the firm with the goal of making a profit on that investment.Generally, under-performing companies are the prime targets of hostile takeovers, so it makes sense that aligning shareholder and executive goals is a major way to avoid that. One popular way of aligning these goals is through the use of elaborate, structured compensation plans for executives which directly tie an executive’s salary to the performance of the company, usually and specifically its stock price (Megginson & Smart, 2009). These compensation plans have become the norm for American corporations, and their effectiveness in solving the agency problem is debatable.On one hand, it should drive an executive to strive to maximize the shareholder wealth, and it also helps companies to attract and retain the best available managers. On the other hand, it serves to sometimes wildly inflate the compensation paid to these executives, either by corporations trying to stay competitive for the best talent, or through easily achievable goals and uncapped maximums. The structured plans, if done correctly, are an effective way to help insure the goal of wealth maximization, but they are also by definition agency costs.Hence, agency problems are inherent to our American corporate system. Works Cited: Megginson, W. L. , & Smart, S. B. (2009). Introduction to Corporate Finance. Mason, OH: South-Western. Chapter 2 If you were a commercial credit analyst charged with the responsibility of making an accept/reject decision on a company's loan request, with which financial statement would you be most concerned? Which financial statement is most likely to provide pertinent information about a company's ability to repay its debt?If I was in charge of approving or denying a loan for a company, I would be most concerned with that company’s last few Income Statements. An Income Statement provides the details of a firm’s business performance over a set period of time, and it shows all sources of revenues and expenses for a business. Analysis of an Income Statement will clearly show the health of a company’s business operations. This question is misleading though, because any loan approval authority would obviously also be concerned with a company’s Balance Sheet, Statement of Cash Flows, and Notes to Financial Statements documents as well.Through a thorough review of all the firm’s statements, an analyst can calculate the most important ratios to determine the credit-worthiness of a prospective loan customer. The Statement of Cash Flows, in particular, is the single best document for determining if a firm has the required liquidity to repay a new obligation. This is achieved by calculating important ratios such as the OCF and the FCF. However, since the Statement of Cash Flows is comprised entirely of data presented on other financial statements, it did not rise to the level of â€Å"most concerned with† for the purpose of answering this question.

Free Will and Divine Foreknowledge Essay

Augustine discusses a critical issue which is the incompatibility of man’s free will and God’s foreknowledge. So the question is, do we really have free will in spite of the fact that God foreknows everything? If God knows what must necessarily happen next, then how do have the free will to make our own choices? Augustine comes up with a series of arguments to prove that we sin by our own will with no intervention of the divine foreknowledge. Augustine first argued a characteristic of God that He has free will, and that He has foreknowledge of his own actions. Therefore, both God’s will and foreknowledge go along with each other. From this point he then assumes that man’s will and God’s foreknowledge are both compatible. But can we compare God with man? And is this argument convincing enough? More elaboration has to be given in order to make it more convincing. Augustine then proceeds to do so. He states that people who do not believe in the compatibility of free will and divine foreknowledge are those who â€Å"are more eager to excuse than confess their sins† (p. 73). That means that people who always blame others for their own wrong doings rather than admitting it are those who claim that we have no free will and that everything is already known by God, and that nothing can be changed, which they also use as a justification for their wrong actions. These people live their life by chance, leaving everything according to the circumstances rather than trying to take good actions. An example for that is the beggars, who always try to take money from people without giving anything in return or even having a job, although they have the ability to do so. But because of their laziness and their belief that this is what they were created to be, they leave everything to happen by luck and according to God’s foreknowledge that couldn’t be changed (p. 73). Augustine then moves to another point which is the relation between the will and the power to achieve that will. He states that the will itself is within our power. Therefore, our desire to commit certain acts is a power that we own. But if we will something that is not within our power then it is not considered as a will because we can only will what is within our power. Augustine then discusses that if something good happens to us then it is accordance to our will, not against it. So for example, being happy, although God foreknows that you will be so, doesn’t mean that we are happy against our will. Thus, God’s foreknowledge of our happiness doesn’t take away our will to be happy (p. 76). And so, he concludes that if God foreknows our will, then definitely this will is going to occur, and so it will be a will in the future. Consequently, his foreknowledge doesn’t take away our will. And since that what we will is in our power, God foreknows our power and He will not take it away. Hence, we will have that power because God foreknows it (p. 77). So Augustine made it clear â€Å"that it is necessary that whatever God has foreknown will happen, and that he foreknows our sins in such a way that our wills remain free and are with in our power† (p. 77). However, the fact that God’s foreknowledge of our sins is consistent with our free will in sinning still stays questionable. Taking into consideration the fact that God is just, so how does He punish our sins that happen by necessity? Or is God’s foreknowledge not an obligation? The topic is still confusing so Augustine then proceeds to make it clearer. To conclude, Augustine succeeded in coming up with a good argument showing that man’s free will and God’s foreknowledge are both compatible. The sequence of his ideas made his argument understandable and convincing for any reader. As a reader, I’ve always thought about that subject but didn’t receive any answers. However, reading â€Å"On Free Choice of the Will† made everything clear for me and made me well convinced that God’s foreknowledge doesn’t intervene with our own choices that we make. Works Cited Williams, Thomas. On Free Choice of the Will. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company

Worship and Prayer Practices of Islam and Zoroastrianism Essay

Worship and Prayer Practices of Islam and Zoroastrianism - Essay Example The question of how these two religions, despite having almost the same origins, these two are very similar yet very distinct from each other. Examples of their similarities are that both religions are monotheistic by nature, that is their followers believe in one and only one God, Allah for the Muslims and Ahura Mazda for the Zoroastrians. Also both religions hold that Allah and Ahura Mazda had only one prophet sent to preach their teachings, namely: Muhammad for Allah and Zoroaster for Ahura Mazda. Another thing that connects both religions to one another and to any other religion is the belief in a place of salvation (heaven, in Christian terms) and a place of damnation (hell, in Christian terms). This paper discusses the worship and prayer practices of the two religions and how they similar and different in many aspects. Islam is the world's second largest religion, next to Christianity. Though it origins is Middle Eastern, its practice is not only limited in there but also other parts of the world such as Asia and Europe. According to 2005 estimates and census, there are about 900 million to 1.4 billion Muslims today. It is a monotheistic religion which believes that the one and only true God is Allah and Muhammad is his sole prophet. The "Islam" is derived form an Arabic term which means "to be subservient" or "to be obedient". This explains the humble nature of Muslims when it comes to their worship practices ("Islam"). Islam is a religion that is mainly divided into two: Sunni and Shia Islam. Sunni Islam is often referred to as orthodox Islam while Shia is a more contemporary form. The difference between these two factions is mostly based on political issues although lately there has been other deeper reason involved. Sunni Muslims comprise about 85% of the Muslim population while Shia is about 15%. Each division has 4 schools dedicated to the teaching of theology ("Afghanistan."). Some notable Muslims are: Ibn Sina known in the West as Aviccena "the doctor of doctors". He contributed many scientific and theological concepts in his time and was especially known for his works in chemistry and medicine. Another noble Muslim is El Zharawi or Albucasis, the "Father of Surgery". He was known to have written a 30-volume encyclopedia known as At-Tasrif, containing extensive discussions about medical and surgical procedures. Contemporary Muslims and converts to Islam include: Mike Tyson (Heavyweight boxer), Ice Cube (American rapper) and Malcolm X/Malcolm Little, an Afro-American Civil rights leader known by his Muslim name Malik Shabazz (Almed). Muslims refers to their sacred book as the Qu'ran or Koran in other languages, which is believed to have been handed by Allah himself to his prophet Muhammad. It is from the Qu'ran that the 5 tenets of Islam are derived: First: Shahadah, the belief in one and only one God, Allah and that his sole prophet is Muhamad. The second one is Salah, the recitation of the 5 daily prayers. The third one is Sawn, or fasting in the period of Ramadan. The fourth is Zakat, the giving of alms and the last on is Hajj or the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in one's lifetime ("Islam"). The Salat/Salah, the 5

Identify the various demographic characteristics of today's workforce Essay

Identify the various demographic characteristics of today's workforce - Essay Example Hall and Hall classified different cultures under the categories of ‘high context and low context’ (1990). Chinese people belong to the high context culture in which context and non-verbal cues are important to assign meaning to spoken words. This means that the same words can have different meanings in different contexts. Further, work discipline like obedience to command, commitment to a word given and personal relationships are important to the Chinese. This is in contrast to the low context culture, typically as in the US, where the spoken words are precise and unambiguous irrespective of the context, individualism and frankness is more pronounced, and personal relations are subordinate to task completion on time. While on the subject of time, a high context workforce handles multiple tasks simultaneously unlike its counterpart in low context cultures, which concentrates one task at a time (Hall and Hall, 1990). These ideas are reinforced by the five dimension classification of Hofstede and Bond and the seven dimension classification of Trompenars (as quoted by Amant, K.S., 2007). An organization benefits from the services of a Chinese migrant worker due to his/her ability to handle multiple tasks simultaneously, respect for authority, collectivism and long-term commitment. Respect for authority implies disciplined approach to complete assigned tasks; collectivism implies the ability to be a good team-member and working to achieve team goals rather than individual goals. Organizations benefit by such workers and teams for whose career development and welfare, long-term planning can be initiated. In order to maximize the benefits of demographic diversity in an organization, the manager should foremost recognize and develop a positive attitude for the culture-specifics for each variety and understand the beneficial aspects. Since Chinese workers in a US plant may be new to the local

Intrinsic Value of Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intrinsic Value of Nature - Essay Example This means that such values are independent of human feelings. Such values are considered objective but not subjective in nature. Such values cannot be directly derived from nature neither can they be appended a definite value with regards to monetary issues. It is of critical importance to acknowledge the fact that nature has intrinsic values. The intrinsic values of nature may be evident from some of the services that nature performs to the environment. For instance, one of the intrinsic values of nature involves air purification. This is one of the direct services that nature does for its own sake and is not subjective on the feelings, consciousness as well as influence of human beings (Palmer, 1994/2012). In addition, it is difficult to append monetary value to such issues concerning air purification by nature. This follows that such services are unquantifiable and are intrinsic (Rolston, 1998/2012). Nature purifies air through absorption of dust particles as well as other elements that may lead to atmospheric pollution. These may include the fumes and gases released from industrial actions. The absorption of such pollutants from the atmosphere cannot be appended definite monetary values. However, such values are intrinsic to nature. In addition, nature also contributes to purification of air through sequestration of carbon and ozone layer depletants like sulphur compounds. This is beneficial to human beings since it minimizes chances of having acid rains and respiratory diseases. Climate regulation is another intrinsic value of nature. Nature regulates climate in a number of ways. nature does this on its own and does not depend on the consciousness of human beings. However, in order to effectively discharge this service, nature only needs enabling natural conditions referred to by Rolston as the â€Å"positive creativity† in his concept of intrinsic value of nature (Rolston, 1998/2012). The issue of climate

Summaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summaries - Essay Example There is no safety net that ensures the society is not held hostage by a few individuals, and thus is not a fair system for those who are not able to make ends meet. This system satisfies the wishes and objectives of a few in the society who are able to manipulate their way up the social ladder. Feminists believe that the dismantling of the capitalist’s way of thinking will play a decisive role in liberating the underprivileged from oppression (Christian, 2011). Communism, on the other hand, is a revolutionary movement that creates a freer market, and classless, moneyless and stateless society. It is based upon common ownership of the means of production as principles that aim at establishing a social order. This brings together the social, political and economic ideologies. It is centered on the belief in the power of the people and pooling of resources and labor thereby encouraging collective ownership (Christian, 2011). It is a way of avoiding the exploitations that become prevalent through feudal systems. It brings the rights of the poor to the fore with each individual having a chance to exercise their rights. In this system the will of the people becomes the law. It equates all people while ensuring that everyone benefits from communal resources. Feminists see this as their liberation from the oppressive past as the communists built the foundation of the 1950’s and 1960’s liberation movements (Christian, 2011). Qn2: Karl Marx, communism & alienated labor Karl Marx believed in the need for the end of exploitation that was perpetuated by only a few individuals through the oppression of the rest in the society. He designed the communist way of thinking as a way of fighting the evils of capitalism and as a way of ending the status quo conflict (Christian, 2011). He believed communism was one best way of bringing people together and putting them in a position that would make it highly unlikely for humans to exploit fellow beings. Those wit h the private means of production would lose it to the community making it possible for the community to take over. Equity would prevail after oppression is done away with, which, in turn, would provide abundant opportunities with few limitations or barriers for people to achieve their goals. Each would give according to their abilities and receive according to their needs (Christian, 2011). The alienation of labor brought about by the class system would cease to exist as everyone would have a chance to provide for the communal needs. Workers will not be held captive by their bosses as they would become autonomous and self-realized human beings. Alienation made the workers express their social aspect through a production system that was unfairly owned and this meant that their goals would be directed by the highly privatized production system, and communism sought to break this ideology. Qn 3: Nietzsche and the Eternal Return The concept of the eternal return is based on speculation that the universe has been recurring and will continue to do so in a similar form. This process goes on for an infinite number of times within an infinite space. If time and space are infinite, then the world has had experiences that will be repeated over and over in an infinite proposition. Nietzsche posits that what has happened in the past will come to play again in the future. Thus, the cycle of the future emanates from the past cycles and this is a process that recurs more often

Practitioner interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Practitioner interview - Essay Example Technical drawing and construction skills are the essential skills that one acquires when studying Architecture. These skills enable an architect to match creative and conceptual ideas about designs together with setting up of real life structures. It is not necessary; however, most schools and architects advocate that one should have some knowledge about architecture. They involve technical studies that one may find challenging if not exposed to early enough. Work placements are important in developing architectural skills. Such industrial attachments also expose a person to practical skills and field requirements of architecture. This is vital to success in the field, especially considering the fact that a small percentage of architecture involves design while the rest involves interactive processes. As long as an architect is qualified and has the requisite knowledge and skills, it is virtually impossible to lack a well-paying job. Alternatively, with adequate qualification in the theoretical and practical areas of the profession, an architect can opt to open his or her firm, acquiring contracts Any student wanting to pursue architecture should first be driven by passion. This field involves a lot of technicalities and one can easily give up. However, it pays off when you gain the necessary knowledge. Architecture is a wide field and one should continue exploring possibilities and opportunities that arise daily. I will engage in as many projects as I can, in order to gain the necessary experience that I will need to start my own practice and maybe eventually own a real estate firm. One of the principal lessons I learnt from the respondent is that, Architecture is important not only as a learning program offered in schools, but also in mainstream society where it is actually practiced. It gives people the ideas to construct complex buildings, real estates, as well as, sky scrapers. Architecture field is mostly influenced by rapid

Methods research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Methods research - Assignment Example Each of the 500 respondents will fill a questionnaire with 30 questions. The questionnaire will be based on a 5-point Likert type scale and ordinal scale with open-ended answers being measured using non-ordinal scale. Prior permission for interview will be obtained from the randomly selected schools. The respondents will only be allowed to participate after agreeing to the consent form. A pilot study will be conducted by randomly selecting a sample of 30 participants; 15 male and 15 female. Necessary adjustments will be made based on the outcome of the pilot study to assure validity and reliability of the research. The research assistants will administer the questionnaires to obtain the primary data. The researcher will administer both closed ended an open-ended questions through personal interview. The closed ended questions will be administered first. The open-ended questions will be administered afterword with an aim of clarifying some of the responses from the closed ended

What are the effects of the likely food security problems for society Essay - 1

What are the effects of the likely food security problems for society in these regions - Essay Example The crop production trends have also shown various concerns for experts in the present and in the future. Food sufficiency has not been attained, whereas obesity and malnourishment figures show that food is ill-proportioned in the population. Food security refers to the availability of food as well as the population’s access to it. The food that the population has access to, is also nutritious and is good enough to fulfill their dietary needs. If there is ample supply but the population has no access to it, essentially there are food security concerns for that area. Food scarcity in some parts of the world has led to extreme malnourishment and deformations in the human body; especially in many parts of Africa, where food security is major concern. Countries who are self-sufficient in food and claim their people have enough food security are also facing troubles in the hindsight; with increasing populations and needs, there is added pressure on the agricultural sector to ensure higher output levels which is some cases is resulting in price hikes and artificial irregularity in supplies. This is done to increase demand and subsequently increase the price suppliers can demand. Currently, Pakistan which is an agricultural country by economic definitions is facing similar issues due to over-empowered suppliers and feudalism ingrained in the agricultural sector. One of two regions chosen for the analysis of food security concerns in Asia and Pacific; invariably there is a growing concern amongst agriculturalists and experts regarding food security of the region. The two biggest populations of the world, India and China, are pressing for food security concerns. China and India are already hit by food security concerns as the population growth is surpassing their output production, leading to massive imports being made in the food department. A large chunk of population in the South Asian region and

3.Deaths and serious injuries at work could be cut dramatically if the Essay

3.Deaths and serious injuries at work could be cut dramatically if the penalties for breaches in the legislation were higher and individual managers and direct - Essay Example of injuries and deaths that could happen in a industry, as well as the reasons why the injury and deaths happen, how can it be addressed and finally what are the changes that will be visible, if the causes are addressed. Unison of humans with an urge to usher an organization into a leading ‘utopia’ will be a successful endeavor, if the humans show unified, undaunted, unabated and unabashed conduct. And, if all the ‘parts’ of an organization, which include the workers and the departments, conduct this way, they can be fully utilized to have ubiquitous presence all over the world. So, it is similar, to how all the body parts or organs function unison ly to help a human survive, study, search, succeed etc. But, ironically when the body parts of the worker itself gets affected including the physical body and the mental part, due to the events that take places inside an organization or in a workplace, then the concept of unison will be unfulfilled. This could happen when the tragedies of injury and death takes place in the workplace. Nichols (1997) has shown how the term ‘industrial injuries’ should be preferred to the term ‘industrial accidents’ since variations in their rates are not random, but vary with determinant conditions, particularly with changes in the intensification of labour. The injury and the resultant death can be classified into four types aaccording to the nature of the injury. That is, how the injury or death happened is crucial and based on the frequency of the injury and death, it is classified. The classification comprises of injury and death due to fall from heights, injury and death that happens when workers are struck by moving or falling objects, likewise by moving vehicle and finally by the trapping that takes place due to collapse and overturning. â€Å"There is a small but important corpus of work on the sociology and social history of industrial injury and illness† (Bloor 2002). From the table given, one can understand

Whose Reality Essay Example for Free

Whose Reality Essay A child’s world is shaped by their parent’s reality.Jordan Djuric The birth of Prince George into the Royal family has created question on how a family who have rarely any privacy, could raise a child as normal as possible. The family could not even name George without approval from many others. But it brings up the question of, what is a â€Å"normal† upbringing anyway? If a normal upbringing is one which consists of two average paid parents, who live in a middle class suburban home, where they have two children who compete in several sports and go to an average school and grandparents who live close enough to see on a regular basis†¦ I’d say my childhood was not â€Å"normal† either. Although parents are an overwhelming influence in dictating the moulding of our reality, as we progress through childhood our friends and role models also guide us. Before the age of five children don’t really have a choice in the actions that they do. They are their parent’s puppets, although this is usually to guide and nurture this can also have negative repercussions for the child. Then as a child goes to school and starts to choose their own friends they then have peer pressure, which not only will they face when they are five but all the way through their life. Our first role model is the ones who we grow up with; our parents. The reason we learn to walk and to talk is because our first actions are to copy our role models and as we grow up this is our parents. But it’s not just these acts that we attain from our parent’s; we also gain our morals, our interests, who we support in sport and so on. A parent’s job is to love, nurture and teach their child until they learn independence, and what they teach is more than what is on the surface. The way we act depends on our parents, our mannerisms and even our facial expressions. In Spies, Stephen often makes it clear that Keith demonstrates his father’s attributes. Not just in looks â€Å"He smiled his father’s smile† but also in morals. Stephen, like his parents displays loyalty, human kindness and sympathy. The attributes that Stephen shows are a reflection of the nurture that he received while growing up. We learn from our parents, but children would also attain any negative attributes from their parents as well. It cannot be denied that a child’s friends have a big impact on the forming of independence. Although from birth till the age of 5 a child’s decision is their parents, as soon as a child begins school they start to be influenced by external sources. All through school and later peer pressure is there. Our friends can have an influence in the way that we think, the way we talk, our interests and hobbies. In Spies, Stephen is not the dominant figure in Keith and his relationship. â€Å"He was the leader and I was the led† so therefore Keith’s word was the law. Keith made the decisions in that relationship but Stephen had a clear idea in his mind of what he enjoyed and appreciated in life. Stephen acted to impress Keith; he uses the analogy when he finds the sock that it is he’s hunt that he will present to Keith for recognition. Keith shapes Stephen’s world for him, he persuades the way that Stephen perceives the word around him, for example saying that Mr Gort is a murderer. His friend dictates the way that Stephen sees the world. It is crucial for parents to set a good example for their children to mimic. If parents set bad examples then just as always their children will take them on board. In Death of a Salesman Willy’s acts; trying to shape Biff and Happy actually has negative consequences. There is no doubt that Willy is a good father and loves Biff and Happy but he has a very select idea in his minds of how his sons are and doesn’t take in their opinions. Biff can’t keep a job and becomes a kleptomaniac because his father made this impression on him when he was young. Happy continually seeks the approval from his idol; Willy. Willy’s distorted view of reality tries to shape Biff and Happy into something they don’t want to be. This has a detrimental effect on the outcome of Biff and Happy’s lives. Although Biff seems to have overcome his father’s pressures on his career choices, it is clear that Happy will never be able to become successful because of his father. If parents are too controlling this could lead to outlandish behaviour from the child. In â€Å"your shoes† by Michele Roberts it describes how a desperate and controlled adolescent had to escape the overwhelming force of her mum trying to guide her in the direction the mother wanted. In Spies, Keith copies his father more than just facial expressions. As he takes the â€Å"bayonet† to Stephen’s neck Stephen says â€Å"he’s seen this type of punishment before.† Keith has absorbed this abusive, dominant side from his father. Parents have the majority of the say as a child grows but friends have a big part as well. There is no doubt that parents do shape the reality of their children. It isn’t always for the best but they will absorb both the bad and the good sides of any action they see. It’s not just parents that these influences come from though; it is also the peers that children grow up around. View as multi-pages

Network Rail Quality Improvement

Network Rail Quality Improvement In simple terms, an organisation can be illustrated as a systematically structured and constructed social unit of people who are managed with the aim of meeting a specific need or to pursue collective goals. It is an observable yet concrete association of individuals involved in collective activities for the achievement of common goals and objectives. Within this view, a service organisation may be best identified as an association of organised for their coordination, services of whom extend to the public. This assignment will discuss management of quality with respect to service delivery in a service organisation. In the current scenario, globalisation has exerted pressure on governments all over the world to incorporate the concept of minimum standards in every aspect of organisational management. This implies both in the field of human rights and other aspects of good management such as delivery of public services (Shadrach and Ekeanyanwu, 2003). One such organisation involved in service delivery in the UK is the Network Rail, engaged in public transportation. Network Rails commitment to its customers has been focused over years through their efforts to run trains safely, punctually as well as reliably. Britains rail infrastructure was entrusted to Network rail, almost a decade ago, with the objectives of improving quality, safety, reliability and efficiency of the railway. Since then, a massive, sustained programme for renewing track, signals, power and telecom equipment was run by the Network Rail with the support of Government, thus striving hard to restore the public confidence in the sa fety and punctuality of the railway networks in the UK. Emphasis was placed on predict and prevent approach, rather than find and fix and this required new standardised ways of working on the basis of technological support. Equal importance had to be attached to investing in their stake holders in order to sustain the developments and success. Stakeholders may be illustrated as an individual, group of people or an organisation having direct or indirect responsibility and stake in an organisation as it can affect or be affected by the organisations actions, goals and policies. The stake holders of Network Rail consist of two sets of people. These include industry members and public members. Industry members comprise mainly of train operators, while public members implies people drawn from a cross section of the community who represent the public interest (Network, 2003). In addition, a third member, often referred to as the Special member has been added to the list of stake holders. This is the Strategic Rail Authority (SRA) of the UK. In order to prohibit the control of national rail infrastructure companies by train operating companies, industry members are made minority of the total stake holders, whereas public members make up the vast majority. According to terms of network license of the Network Rail, stake holders are viewed as any person providing services relating to the railways; any person providing a railway facility or network, including one which is proposed for, or in the course of construction; any founder ; or any person who has provided in writing to the licence holder a credibility to provide finance for service relating to railways; The Railway Passengers Council and The London Transport users committee; and The Mayor of London and Transport for London, in respect for their services and functions relating to the railway services (Network Rail, 2004). The main funding bodies include Passenger Transport Executives, bodies who provide one off funding like local authority, Assembly Government, Transport Scotland and other regional bodies. Whether funding railway services or providing services or providing services and facilities, these stake holders rely on the Network Rail to realise their aspirations. Their pri mary expectation from this service delivery organisation is provision of highest quality of service, with an assurance of transparency in every action. This requires clear communication and streamlining of objectives and expectations through good relationship between the organisation and the stakeholders. Quality may be broadly viewed as a magnitude of excellence (Shiba et al, 1993). There are several dimensions of quality which determine the concept of quality. One of these dimensions is the conformance to specifications which is determined by designers of the product or service. This relates to how well the service or the product meets the target. The other dimensions include fitness for the use value for price paid, support services and psychological criteria. While fitness for use measures performance of the product or the effectiveness of the service, value for price paid focuses on the usefulness of the service or the product with respect to the amount of money spent. Judgement of a product or service is made on the basis of support services, which determines the quality since the concept of quality is not confined to the product or service alone. It applies to the people, processes involved and the associated organisational environment. On the other hand, psychological criteria present a more subjective definition to the concept of quality since it focuses on the critical evaluation of the constitution of the product or service. Such an evaluation is influenced by many factors such as environmental factors, the prestige of the product as perceived by the customers (Reid and Sanders, 2003). Whether in product manufacture or in service delivery, quality and performance of the organisation affect stake holders. The concept of quality has currently obtained priority in most of the organisations, including those involved in product manufacture as well as those related to service delivery, since they have realised the cost of poor quality. The most adverse consequence of poor quality is the creation of dissatisfied customers, loss of money invested and eventually loss of business. The cost consequences of poor quality may be broadly classified under internal failure costs and external failure costs. Internal failure costs are related to the identification of poor quality of service or product before it reaches the customer. This may include the correction of the defect or rework. This also includes material losses and the cost of labour and machine. On the other hand, external failure costs are linked to the problems with quality after the product or service reaches the customer. This may result in the loss of faith and loyalty of customers. This can eventually lead to customer loss (Reid and Sanders, 2005) and loss of business. With the aim of meeting the expectations of stake holders and ensuring the quality of service, the Network Rail has adopted a code of practice (Network Rail, 2004). Through this code of practice, the Network Rail responds to the requests of stake holders quickly and appropriately, thus listening and taking into account their views. Code of practice acts as a promise to act fairly, treating all stake holders equally and consistently without any discrimination, to establish contacts and allocate with managers with adequate expertise for providing necessary service and to provide complete, accurate and current information to the stake holders. This code of practice also attempts to resolve any enquiries, concerns or complaints without delay, thereby enhancing quality of service. These would also ensure the satisfaction of the stake holders, which is essential for the sustained development of the organisation. Garvin (1988) suggested five principal approaches towards understanding quality and its related aspects. The transcendent approach views quality as a concept which is timeless that transcends changes in tastes or preferences, thus making quality absolute and universally recognisable. Product based view, however, suggests that quality is measurable and hence precise. On the other hand, user based definitions are based on the view that quality is more or less a subjective phenomenon. The need and wants of customers are satisfied through services or products having highest quality. Another approach to understand quality is the manufacture based view which places emphasis on the supply aspect, concerned with the manufacturing and designing practices. The final approach is value based view that adopts the ideas of other approaches, evaluating whether the product or service provide conformance to requirements at a reasonable price (Galvin, 1988). However it must be remembered that the conc ept of quality differs when considering service delivery and product manufacture. According to Reid and Sanders (2005), organisations involved in product manufacture produce products which can be seen, touched and measured. Thus, quality definitions with respect to product manufacture generally places emphasises on product features which are tangible. These definitions include conformance on the magnitude to which the product features meet the standards set by the organisation and the public, performance on the effectiveness of the functioning of the product; reliability or the expectations of the product to function without failure; and serviceability which implies how easily the product can be repaired or fixed. A complete contrast to this approach is the concept of quality in terms of service delivery. This difference rises out of the intangible nature of the product produced by service organisations. On the contrary, these can only be experienced. Hence, quality in service deliv ery is based on perceptions including responsiveness to customer needs, contrary and approach of staff, atmosphere and the promptness in solving issues and complaints (Reid and Sanders, 2005). ISO 8402 (1994) defined quality management as All activities of the overall management that determine the quality policy, objectives and responsibilities, and implement them by means such as quality planning, quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement within the quality system. Quality management is ensured through continuous improvement, also called Kaizen, which encourages organisations to strive continuously to perform better through learning and problem solving. Continuous improvement maybe described as a quality philosophy that places emphasis on going efforts to seek improvements in products, services on processes, with the aim of enhancing quality and decreasing waste (Mc Kee, 2009). It requires an organisation to constantly measure the effectiveness of its performance and strive to meet more difficult challenges and objectives to satisfy stake holders and customers. It is the belief that further improvements are always possible, thus encouraging continuous eva luation of processes and implementation of improvements. No matter how satisfactory the present state of an organisation is, Kaizen is founded in the concept of dissatisfaction with the statuesque, which is necessary to ensure continuous improvement in every aspect. Foundation of improvement is built on the quality standards, which have to be set and monitored in every organisation. According to Shiba et al (1993), quality is checked by making a comparison of output of an organisation and the specifications through standardisation, statistical quality control and inspection. Standardisation refers to a series of action taken for the product and process to be clearly identified. Benchmarking is another tool to measure and monitor the degree of improvement. An improvement part of continuous is the ability to examine and study how other organisations perform. Benchmarking, according to Reid and Sanders (2005), is the process of studying the performance and practices of other organisations which are considered the best for the purpose of comparison. In order to enable organisations to objectively document their quality practices around the world, the need for universal standards were recognised as necessary. This led to the creation of International Organisation for Standardisation, whose objective is to establish an agreement on international quality standards. The ISO 9000: 2000 Quality Management Systems- Fundamentals and Standards provides a basis for understanding the system of standards. This standard set by ISO provides the terminology and specific definitions used in the standards. The standards used for the certification of an organisations quality management system is the ISO 9000: 2000 Quality Management Systems- Requirements. The guidelines for establishing a quality management system is given by ISO 9000: 2000 Quality Management Systems- Guidelines for Performance. These standards focus on meeting the customer requirements as well as on continuous improvement. Continuous improvement is an essential aspect in service delivery, especially in the case of organisations like National Rail, which are involved in public transport. Studies have revealed the sad state of public transport. Five case studies of bad customer service were examined by Dale et al in 2001. Zeithaml et al (1990) identified the four components of the gap between the expectations of the customers and the stake holders and the perception of the actual service by the customers and the stake holders. The understanding gap occurs usually when the management fails to perceive the expectations of stake holders and customers accurately. Design gap occurs when the management is unable to specify and design a service accordingly to their understanding of the stakeholders and customers. Due to the shortage of resources, lack of commitment, inadequate quality control or inadequate training, there might be a failure in the delivery of what is specified and this is recognised as a servic e delivery gap. A communication gap, on the other hand, occurs when what is specified and what is delivered are not accurately publicised. Several studies have identified these gaps in service delivery organisation and these points to the need for continuous improvement in these organisations. This could in turn improve the quality of services, enhance the loyalty and trust placed by customers as well as stake holders on organisations, improve retention of staff and ensure satisfaction of stakeholders and customers. Several methods have been identified for the implementation of continuous improvement or Kaizen. One of the most popular systems this genre is Total Quality Management According to Tague (2005), Total Quality Management (TQM) can be described as any quality management system that makes an effort to address all areas of an organisation, emphasizing customer satisfaction and using continuous improvement methods and tools. TQM focuses on the identification of the root causes of quality defects and problems and correcting these at the source. It emphasis that quality is customer driven. TQM encompasses the organisation as a whole, attempting to embed quality in every single aspect of the organisation. Not only does it include the technical aspects of quality, but it is concerned with the involvement of people in quality including stakeholders (Reid and Sanders, 2005), thus making it an important method to ensure continuous improvement in service delivery organisations like Network Rail. The most prominent feature of TQM is the organisations focus on stakeholders including customers. This philosophy defines quality as meeting and exceeding the expectations of stakeholders, including customers. Thus the first and foremost objective of organisation adopting TQM will be the identified of needs of customers and stakeholders after which these have to be met appropriately. This will require continuous gathering of information. Berry (1991) suggested that TQM process is a total corporate emphasis on meeting and exceeding expectations of customers while significantly decreasing costs resulting from poor quality by adopting a novel management system and corporate culture. Dahlgaard et al., (1998) views TQM as a way of managing an organisation or an enterprise towards achieving complete excellence. The principles of TQM encompass numerous elements including management leadership and commitment, involvement of employees, continuous improvement, and supplier partnership and so on. Shea and Gobeli (1995) identified the motives behind the adoption of TQM by organisations; management philosophy and belief in the principle of stakeholder as well as customer satisfaction and employee empowerment, competitive nature arising out of the changing expectations of customers even for those organisations which are performing well; and to improve poor performance of organisations which are not performing well in order to ensure survival. The seven QC tools were brought to organisational attention by Ishikawa, the Father of Quality Circles. His original seven tools included cause-and-effect diagram, check sheet, Shewharts control charts, histograms, Pareto chart, Scatter diagram and Stratification or Flowchart. Quality Function Deployment (QFD), the Baldrige Award, Six Sigma, theory of constraints and Lean manufacturing are the new tools or revitalisation and replacing of previous concepts and tools. Implementation and effectiveness are often assessed using PDSA cycle. All these approaches are astonishingly compatible with one another and hence several enterprise are combining these tools for the successful implementation of continuous improvement since ISO 9000 focuses on consistency through standardisation it can be used by organisations to create a foundation for the development of continuous improvement through Six Sigma and Lean which focuses on quality through elimination of defects and speed and efficiency by elimination of waste respectively. The criteria set by MBNQA can act as a support and guidance for the senior management for the development and establishment of organisational systems and culture that support continuous improvement (Reid and Sanders, 2005). QFD, Total Quality Management, Theory of Constraints and Synchronous flow can be utilised to understand the wants and needs of customers while improving every phase involved in the process focussing particularly on the slowest phase. These approaches can be integrated with bench mar king and other approaches of standardisation to evaluate the quality of service or product and to encourage continuous improvement within the organisation irrespective of present state. However, it must be noted that each of these approaches should be selected on the basis of requirement of the organisation (Tague, 2005). For organisations, including those involved in product manufacture and service delivery, an important approach that help with continuous improvement is the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle which illustrates never ending process of continuous improvement in its circular nature. The first step in this process is to plan, where the managers must evaluate and document the current system and develop plans based on the defects detected. The next step in PDSA cycle is the implementation of the plan (Do), during which the managers must collect adequate data for evaluation and document all changes made. Studying the data collected constitute the third step. On the basis of first three phases the final phase require the managers to act and the whole process is repeated (Reid and Sanders, 2005). Success of continuous improvement approaches depends upon team approach. Quality must be viewed as an organisational effort. This may be achieved through techniques such as quality control tools, group discussions, and brain storming and so on. There for time must be set aside for team meetings. Importance must also be given to measures for employee empowerment to seek out qualities and rectify them, through workshops, employee educations and good communication. All these depend upon leadership and management structure of the organisation. Successful implementation of continuous improvement processes also requires effective workplace relationships and understanding of wants and needs of stake holders and customers. Adoption of these aspects is essential for the sustain success and development of organisations like Network Rail. This assignment, thus, has attempted to study the influence of stake holders on organisation. Examining the aspect of quality improvement in Network Rail this assignment discuss the various approaches for improving quality in service delivery. It can be concluded that for ensuring a sustained development and benefit to organisations it is necessary to ensure that all improvements made satisfy all the stake holders. It has to be remembered that the ultimate goal of quality management is to satisfy the needs of stake holders including customers. Teamwork , effective leadership and communication within the organisation and efforts to understand the changing needs and wants of stakeholders and customers are the essential ingredients for the successful implementation of such a venture

Prostate Cancer and Nutrition

Prostate Cancer and Nutrition Anand Somasundaram Contents (Jump to) Plant Based Diets: Fish Oil Vitamins and Minerals Dangers of Meats, high fat diets and Nitrites Conclusion Works Cited Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer of men and the third most common cause of death from cancer. Prostate cancer usually occurs in men above the age of 50. Many men who have prostate cancer, do not show any symptoms. Screening for this cancer is usually done by a Digital rectum exam (DRE) and/or Prostate specific antigen test (PSA). Digital rectum exam is the palpation of the prostate through the anus to check the size of the prostate. Prostate specific antigen test is a blood test to check if the prostate is releasing this specific antigen in the blood stream which can be a strong indication of prostate cancer. Research has been done on preventing and reducing the risk of obtaining this cancer. In these studies, nutrition can play a vital role in reducing the chances of getting this cancer. Diets that high in fruits and vegetables, low in fat especially fat from meats are shown to decrease the risk and development of prostate cancer. Plant Based Diets: Specific food groups have shown in several studies to be a crucial tool in preventing and slowing the progression of this disease. One group of foods that have shown a significant reduction in avoiding prostate cancer is plant based foods. Plant- based foods are shown to contain high amounts of vitamins and elements known to reduce cancer cell. For example, plant- based food contains vitamins and phytochemicals such as carotenoids, flavonoids, phytoestrogens and isothiocyanates (Ma Chapman, 2009). These phytochemicals have shown to regress cancer cell development and stop tumor promotion. Furthermore plant based diets are high in antioxidant. Antioxidants are molecules that prevent the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is the reason behind the production of free radicals. In addition, antioxidants reduce the damage to DNA by binding to these free radicals and eliminating them from the body. Free radicals damage the structure of DNA which can lead to tumor growth. An important carotenoid and phytochemical is lycopene. Lycopene is found in fruits such as tomatoes. Lycopene is known to reduce insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signing. IGF-1 is protein that has found to promote prostatic cancer cells and allow the prostate to be susceptible to cancer. Cruciferous vegetables such cauliflower, broccoli, Brussels sprouts and bok choy all contain a compound call glucosinolate. Glucosinolate have shown in studies to reduce DNA damage, induce apoptosis and inhibit prostate cancer cell (Ma Chapman, 2009).They also possess phenethyl isothiocyanate, sulfophorane and indole-3-carbinol, which are compounds that have potential anti-cancer properties. Their mechanism of action involves the inhibition of  cytochrome P450  enzymes, which oxidize compounds such as  benzo[a]pyrene  and  polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons  (PAHs) into more polar  epoxy-diols. Cytochrome P450 enzyme is a known agent to cause mutation and cancer growth Another vegetable that constitutes an impact on tumor cells is soy bean. Soy beans contain isoflavones*. Isoflavones are organic 3-phenylchromen-4-one structure substances that natural occur in different types of foods. They inhibit enzymes associated with transmission of signals for tumor cell growth. `Tea especially green has been found to have similar effects to consuming vegetables and fruits. Polyphenol compounds in green tea have also been found to have the same effects as the cruciferous vegetables. They prevent metastases of the cancer, induce apoptosis and inhibit cell growth. Studies have shown that green tea inhibits tumor growth, therefore, leading to lower prostate-specific antigen levels and lower IGF-1 levels (Ma Chapman, 2009). One of these polyphenolic compounds is epigallocathechin-3 gallate (EGCG). EGCG is known to attach to urokinase, Urokinase is an enzyme that helps tumor cells grow. In the current market, there is a drug called amiloride and is used Amiloride can only have a maximum dose of 20 mg EGCG while normal cup of green can have upwards of 150mg EGCG. Another benefit is that green tea can be consumed at much higher rate than amiloride and not have physiological effect on the body (Jankun ,1997, p561) . Fish Oil The next groups of food that have shown to inhibit tumor cell growth are fish oils. Fish oil contains n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to reduce serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) protein expression (Ma Chapman, 2009). PSA is produced by the prostate gland and is used by the body to liquefy semen. The body uses excretes PSA in semen but sometimes in the presence of cancer, the PSA escapes to the blood stream. There two main groups of fatty acids, omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. , Omega 3 fatty acids protect from cancer, while omega 6 fatty acids have been found to promote cancer when consumed in excessive amounts. One reason why omega 6 promotes cancer is because of its ability to promotion inflammation. (Tandon et al., 2008). Vitamins and Minerals Another antioxidant that has shown significant effect on prostate cancer cell growth is vitamin E. Vitamin E is considered as an intracellular antioxidant and an antiprostaglandin. * Antiprostaglandins are a group of molecules that reduce the production of mediators of the inflammatory process. As with any fat soluble vitamins, too much can have harmful effect. Intake of over 400 IU can be harmful to the body (Ma Chapman, 2009). In addition another vitamin that is important in inhibiting tumor cell growth is vitamin D. In studies, vitamin d has shown in both regular cells and cancerous to convert vitamin d into an active hormonal state. In this state, vitamin D has shown to inhibit tumor grow especially prostatic epithelial cells. (Tandon et al., 2008). Another substance besides vitamins that can help in the fight against is minerals. Minerals differ from vitamins in that vitamins are organic and contain carbon while minerals do not and are consider inorganic. A particular mineral, selenium, has been proven to be a protective agent. It reduces cellular proliferation, causes apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis. (Ma Chapman, 2009). Angiogenesis is the growth of new capillary blood vessels in the body. In preventing blood vessel formation; the tumor cannot grow or spread (Li, Smith Li, 2011). Dangers of Meats, high fat diets and Nitrites All the foods discussed above have shown to decrease the instance of prostatic cancer cells. On the other hand, there are groups of food that are now known to promote prostate cancer cells. For example, meats especially cooked at high temperatures contribute to the production of cancer cells. When a meat is cook at high temperature, it releases carcinogens. Carcinogens are known to alter DNA which can lead to two results, apoptosis or promotes uninhibited cell growth. The two carcinogens that are produced during this process are Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). (â€Å"Why Carcinogens Cause Cancer†, n.d.). A way to reduce HCA and PAH formation in cooked meats is to reduce the amount of time the meat is cooked on an open flame. This can be done by continuously flipping the meat or using a microwave to shorten the cooking time on the stove. Another carcinogen that is found in meat is N-nitrosocompound. This carcinogen is found in bacon, hot dogs and anything containing sodium nitrate. Sodium nitrate is preservative added to food to not only preserve but also to add flavor to. N-nitroso is formed when the sodium nitrate combines with the amines in the meat to form this carcinogen. These N-nitroso compound attacks cells and can cause mutation to the molecule’s DNA (Mehdad, 2010). In another study, there was evidence that a high fat diet contribute to prostate cancer. In this study, men consumer high types of monosaturated and polyunsaturated fats significantly increase their chances of getting prostate cancer (Crowe et al., 2008). Men who were consuming 45 grams of total fat in a day have 10-20 percent increased risk of getting cancer (Park, Murphy, Wilkens, Henderson, Kolonel, 2007). In another study, there was a strong correlation between obesity and prostate cancer. In a study of eighty-seven men with prostate cancer, 89 percent of these men were overweight or obese. Ninety- seven percent of them had a body fat of twenty five percent or higher (Mehdad, McBride, Grillo, Camilo, Ravasco, 2010). Obesity increases the body’s production of IGF-1 which discussed early leads to cancer cell proliferation. Conclusion As with anything, specific groups of foods need to be taken in moderation. Daily activity and a balanced meal can contribute greatly to not only prevent cancer growth but living a healthy happy life. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer for men and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Eating foods high in antioxidants, phytochemicals such as vegetables and fruits can lead to the reduction of prostatic cancer cell forming. In addition, avoiding diets high in preserved meats, diary and cooking at high temperature all can additionally reduce men’s chances of getting prostate cancer. Works Cited Crowe, F.L., Key, T.J., Appleby, P.N., Travis, R.C., Overvad, K., Jakobsen, M.U., Riboli, E. (2008). Dietary fat intake and risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 87: 1405-1413. Jankun, J. (1997, June 5). Why drinking green tea could prevent cancer. Nature, 381, 561. Li, W., Hutnik, M., Smith, R., Li, V. (2011). Understanding Angiogenesis. Retrieved from http://www.angio.org/ua.php. April 4, 2014. Ma, R.W.-L. Chapman, K. (2009). A systematic review of the effect of diet in prostate cancer prevention and treatment. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 22:187-199. Mehdad, A., McBride, E., Grillo, I.M., Camilo, M., Ravasco, P. (2010).Nutritional status and eating pattern in prostate cancer patients. Nutricion Hospitalaria,2 (3): 422-427. Park, S., Murphy, S.P., Wilkens, L.R., Henderson, B.E., Kolonel, L.N. (2007). Fat and meat intake and prostate cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study. International Journal of Cancer, 121: 1339-1345. â€Å"Prostate Specific Antigen†. Retrieved from http://www.medicinenet.com/ prostate_specific_antigen/article.htm . April 4, 2014. Tandon, M., Siddique, R.A., Avrind, R., Singh, N.K., Ambwani, T., Rai, S.N. (2008). Anti-cancer diet: reviewing the role of nutrition in cancer prevention. Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research, 6(2): 67-82. â€Å"Why Carcinogens Cause Cancer†. Retrieved from http:// www.edinformatics.com/interactive_molecules/dna.htm. July 10, 2010. World Cancer Research Fund / American Institute for Cancer Research. Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective. Washington, DC: AICR, 2007 Jankun, J. (1997, June 5). Why drinking green tea could prevent cancer. Nature, 381, 561.

Camping Technology :: Camps Camping Technological Papers

Camping Technology Could something designed to make life easier end up ruining everything we have worked to preserve? Technology can sometimes be quite controversial. In my major, I have found that it can be almost more of a frustration than a blessing. In most industries, technological advancements are viewed as a positive step towards efficiency and economic growth. This is not always the case, however. In the camping industry, for example, the constant â€Å"improvements† are often a source of frustration to many die-hard campers. When people go on vacation they generally have a common goal, which includes relaxation, adventure, and escape from the stress of their everyday life. They often want to spend quality time with their family without distractions. Camping is an exciting and affordable way to get all of those things. For a relatively low price you can pitch a tent at a State Park and â€Å"get back to nature†-- at least that’s how it used to be. Unfortunately times are rapidly changing, and camping, as it was intended, seems to be a thing of the past. To illustrate my point, I would like to paint a picture of the typical State Park camping experience. Pretend you are a vacationing middle class businessman from down state wanting to take his family on a camping excursion â€Å"up north† over his two week summer vacation. In order to spend a night in one of Michigan’s beautiful State Parks, there is a simple procedure that everyone must go through. First, you must dial a toll-free number, 1-800-44-PARKS, (or use the internet to make a reservation at http://www.midnrreservations.com ) up to 6 months in advance to your pre-planned date of arrival. Spontaneity is overrated anyway. After you dial the number you have to type in the first four letters of the park that you wish to visit. At this point you will be connected with an operator in Maryland who will help you pick out a site number that will suit your needs from a park she’s never seen before in a state she has never been in. This is called privatization, whi ch is an issue for a different essay, which I will avoid complaining about in this paper. So, this operator takes your credit card information and charges you $20.00 per night, plus a $2.00 reservation fee. She will then spend 10 minutes reading you a list of rules and regulations for camping in a State Park.

Movie Review :: essays research papers

Michelle hears some noises in the house, after a while see finds out that its a missing girl, the girl is trying to get revenge for her death. First off, I would like to say that Michelle Phieffer is great in this movie; she carries her character strongly from start to finish. And unfortunately The movie opens with Pfeiffer and Ford taking their daughter to college, thus leaving them alone in their house for the first time since they were married. The daughter is actually the product of Pfeiffer's first marriage to a musician who now dead (by what means I can't remember, nor does it matter). Ford is a successful research scientist at a university in New England as was his even more famous father. He is on the verge of finishing a major paper, which requires him to spend endless hours at the office, leaving Pfeiffer alone in their vast home. It is a mystery, as a bored Pfeiffer spies on her new neighbors, a troubled couple who fight a lot. Around the same time that the next-door wife seemingly disappears, Pfeiffer starts experiencing poltergeist-like activity in her house. Doors won't stay shut, photos fall from ledges, and finally she starts seeing the image of a pretty blonde woman in reflections in fogged-up mirror and in the water of a full bathtub. Pfeiffer and Ford have a good and believable chemistry, and there are some genuine thrills generated when Pfeiffer is alone in the house. Anyway, eventually Pfeiffer discovers that in fact the next-door neighbor’s wife is alive and well. Except for one small thing, the blonde ghost is still causing trouble in the house. Pfeiffer begins to see a psychiatrist (the always reliable Joe Morton), believing that maybe she's suffering from some kind of empty-nest syndrome, but she soon realizes that the ghost is real and she sets out to find out who she is and why she's bugging her. Conclusion As Hatchet Harry said the story starts out with Pfeiffer's daughter from a previous marriage going off to college. She's dealing with the whole empty-nest syndrome, when the new neighbors next door start fighting, and the wife disappears. Pfeiffer is convinced that he's murdered her and starts spying on the husband who is now living alone in the house. Shortly after strange things start happening around the Pfeiffer-Ford house. You know, your usual haunting type activities like doors opening on their own, pictures falling off tables, radios switching on at full blast, bathtubs filling by themselves, yadda, yadda, yadda. Movie Review :: essays research papers Michelle hears some noises in the house, after a while see finds out that its a missing girl, the girl is trying to get revenge for her death. First off, I would like to say that Michelle Phieffer is great in this movie; she carries her character strongly from start to finish. And unfortunately The movie opens with Pfeiffer and Ford taking their daughter to college, thus leaving them alone in their house for the first time since they were married. The daughter is actually the product of Pfeiffer's first marriage to a musician who now dead (by what means I can't remember, nor does it matter). Ford is a successful research scientist at a university in New England as was his even more famous father. He is on the verge of finishing a major paper, which requires him to spend endless hours at the office, leaving Pfeiffer alone in their vast home. It is a mystery, as a bored Pfeiffer spies on her new neighbors, a troubled couple who fight a lot. Around the same time that the next-door wife seemingly disappears, Pfeiffer starts experiencing poltergeist-like activity in her house. Doors won't stay shut, photos fall from ledges, and finally she starts seeing the image of a pretty blonde woman in reflections in fogged-up mirror and in the water of a full bathtub. Pfeiffer and Ford have a good and believable chemistry, and there are some genuine thrills generated when Pfeiffer is alone in the house. Anyway, eventually Pfeiffer discovers that in fact the next-door neighbor’s wife is alive and well. Except for one small thing, the blonde ghost is still causing trouble in the house. Pfeiffer begins to see a psychiatrist (the always reliable Joe Morton), believing that maybe she's suffering from some kind of empty-nest syndrome, but she soon realizes that the ghost is real and she sets out to find out who she is and why she's bugging her. Conclusion As Hatchet Harry said the story starts out with Pfeiffer's daughter from a previous marriage going off to college. She's dealing with the whole empty-nest syndrome, when the new neighbors next door start fighting, and the wife disappears. Pfeiffer is convinced that he's murdered her and starts spying on the husband who is now living alone in the house. Shortly after strange things start happening around the Pfeiffer-Ford house. You know, your usual haunting type activities like doors opening on their own, pictures falling off tables, radios switching on at full blast, bathtubs filling by themselves, yadda, yadda, yadda.

Windows Server Essay -- Computers Software Essays

Windows Server There are some key differences between Windows DNS Services servers and non-Windows DNS server appliances in the areas of AD integration and security. For example, some non-Windows DNS server appliances lack complete AD integration features. Conversely, Windows DNS Service servers don't support encrypted zone transfer and update features like some non-Windows DNS server appliances do. (ref: DNS server appliances) One cant use any DNS service. Active Directory requires that the DNS support dynamic updates via RFC 2136; Windows 2000 has the advantage of being the only one that does it out of the box Those environments that already have Internet domains and DNS servers on their networks have two options.Either replace their existing DNS servers with Windows 2000 boxes or create a new internal domain to host the AD. For example, if your company is called WidgetCo, and all your internal servers are TCP/IP hosts on widgetco.com, you either need to create a sub-domain called ad.widgetco.com or you need to create something like widgetco.net, as one of my associates had to do at a large Manhattan-based international law firm. It's possible to make Unix DNS servers like BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Daemon) support Windows 2000 dynamic DNS, but it's a little tricky. Microsoft TechNet's white paper on Windows 2000 DNS provides information on getting your non-MS DNS to comply with RFC 2136. Chances are you'll need to upgrade your Unix server to the latest version of BIND, version 8.2, to make it work. Creating an entirely new domain may be less of a headache. (ref: How Microsoft went wrong with Active Directory) When Microsoft started to talk about AD and AD's DNS integration, the company said AD would operate with any DNS implementation that is compatible with the standards for dynamic DNS. DDNS is a key piece of the AD model. As the development of AD progressed, Microsoft downplayed the support for non-Win2K DNS servers. At press time, Microsoft claimed that Win2K will be compatible with UNIX's Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) 8.2, but to fully utilize AD's features, you will need to use Win2K's DNS. UNIX advocates believe that NT isn't stable enough to provide the 24 X 7 service that DNS services require and that the Microsoft DNS implementations aren't sufficiently compatible with the open-source UNIX standards. Win2K and NT advo... ... Native Mode? When a domain is first installed, it is in mixed mode. The mode of operation can be changed from mixed mode to native, but this is not reversible. In native mode, Windows NT 4.0 Domain Controllers cannot participate in the domain. (ref :Step by step guide) Changing the Domain Mode Windows 2000 domains operate in one of two modes: ï‚ §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mixed Mode. Allows domain controllers running both Windows 2000 and earlier versions of Windows NT ® Server to co-exist in the domain. In mixed mode, the domain features from previous versions of Windows NT Server are still enabled, while some Windows 2000 features are disabled. You can change to native mode after making sure all domain controllers in your domain are running Windows 2000 Server. 4.Your organisation contains four geographic locations connected via slow links. Currently all locations belong to the one Domain with a number of domain controllers all located at one site. Users are complaining of slow authentication and access to AD information. Describe 2 different options you could consider to improve the performance of the Domain. Recommend one of the options providing reasons for your choice.

Unit 2 – the Developing Child

Unit 2 – The Developing Child D1) The main aspects of social development for Children aged 4 years are; * They like playing and socialising with other children as this helps progress things more like speech, confidence and social skills. * Take turns and share (most of the time); may still be rather bossy. * Seek out adult approval. So if they were to hurt themselves they would still go to an adult or when they are tired they would still go to an adult for comfort. * Understand and obeys simple rules (most of the time). Capable of feeling jealous, for example if you were to show another child more attention than another child, this child would become jealous and may show anger. * Begin to understand things more like, danger, feelings and reasons toward things. * Have more of an imagination, for example they may have imaginary friends and can make up stories. Children with learning disabilities might not reach these mile stones like children without disabilities. Childcare work ers need to plan for these children so that they can meet their individual needs.According to Tassoni, page 41, â€Å"For children, this area of development is important too, as they will want to play with other children and have to learn to share and be with others in group situations, such as in school. D2) The main aspects of social development for children aged 5 years are; * Now choose their friends, for example, they have certain friends they like to play with. * Takes turns, shares (sometimes) for example, when drawing and sharing pencil crayons. * Enjoys co-operative activities and also group play. * Says please and thank you when offered something to eat or drink. Shows kindness to other children, inviting them to play and being helpful. * Resolves conflicts before seeking adult help. * Carries on with conversation with adults and children. D3) One suitable method of observing the social development of children aged 5 years could be to carry out a time sample observation. This is used to record the time, interaction, who their socialising with, so I would write down the initials of the child they were socialising with, the activity like drawing or painting, and the comments that I would write about the whole observation.I could record this by taking photos and then storing them into the child’s personal records and development file so I could use this as evidence towards their development and social skills with other kids. I would carry this out for 5 minutes every half hour, during the course of the morning. D4) One advantage of this observation method would be that you are able to observe the child to find whether they are struggling with anything like a subject, and we are able to see if they’re not socialising very well or whether they are withdrawn.One disadvantage of this method is that the child maybe camera shy and may stop socialising and interacting once I start to take photos of the development that is taking place. This woul d affect the whole observation as there will be no progress being made so I would not be able to record anything. D5) A child’s social development may be affected by the transitions in their lives such as a family member, they may have bonded with, could have died and this would affect the child a lot.Such as, the child may start showing aggressive behaviour towards people and may get frustrated easier when they find a task difficult. This would make the child regress. A positive transition could be that if the parent or parents take their child to places such as play areas, the child would be able to socialise with other children and they will see their parent socialising with other parents. This would make the child to be more confident and help make friends easier. This would positively influence the child to socialise and interact with other children.D6) Snack and Meal times help support a child’s social development. It helps because the children are more likely to sit next to their friends. While they are eating they lunch, it is common that most children will tell each other what they have to eat and drink and if they have animal shaped biscuits they may play a little game like zoos, and this helps their imagination and social development. This is called associative play. D7) Inclusive practice means that everyone should be included into activities, no matter what their nationality is, or their sex or whether hey have disabilities. It is important to include everyone in activities because if someone was left out, it may make them feel unwanted, lonely, may make their confidence drop, they may show anger and it will also cause unwanted behaviour. Everyone should be included in activities as it helps make new friends, boost self-confidence and help them socialise better. All activities should meet the need of all children especially if there are any disabilities. C) If a child was in a nursery and a parent was to give birth to a baby, this ma y affect the child which is in nursery.It may affect them because the new born baby will be receiving a lot of attention so this may make the child in the nursery, feel left out as the child is used to being the only child and all the attention being on them. This will cause anger and the child may stop sharing things with other children and become selfish and the child may regress in everything they have accomplished, such as they could wet themselves, behaviour will become bad and they may also stop talking about issues.B1) When a child is moving house a practitioner can support the child in this transition by making it a fun process and a fun thing to be doing. The practitioner could ask what colours their bedroom is going to be, what they are going to have in it and where they want everything to be placed. Practitioners can even make their time at their setting as fun as it can be so it takes the situation of the child’s mind or they could even read them a story about mov ing house to help the child understand it is not always a bad process.B2) Observations can be used to identify individual needs. Observations are important to be carried out because it identifies if a child is struggling in a certain area for example, they may have problems with numbers like counting, spelling simple words, participating in group activities or trouble socialising. Once the problem is identified then the person observing can the deal with the problem and help the child where they are struggling. This is why it is important to observe each child separately and carefully.A*) It is important that practitioners understand, the pattern of development of children, from birth to 16 years because; at each age and stage there are different mile stones for them to reach. These are like goals that are set to be accomplished. The practitioners need to know this so they can help the child progress in what the child is capable of achieving. If the practitioner did not know the mil estones for each stage then the practitioner could be holding the child back or aiming to high for what they want the child to do.Also at each stage the child will show different behaviours and the practitioners need to know what they are, otherwise the practitioners might think it’s inappropriate. They might tell them of when the child is actually showing behaviours that are expected in a child of that age. The behaviour may be caused by learning disabilities, so the practitioner would need to know how to handle the situation appropriately, or even call in a professional to help the need of that child and help the child progress.A*) Routines are important for young children because it adds structure to their day. This helps because they like to know what is coming next so they don’t get confused. The main parts of the routine, e. g meal times, coming in in the mornings and home time, in a setting should be kept the same daily this could include, children coming in in the morning and hanging their coats and bags up straight away, then sitting down for circle time and share news with their friends for 15- 30 minutes, then they will have free time to do messy things or play what they want to play to socialise.Free time gives the children the opportunity to develop their physical skills and social skills. After free time they will be called for snack time. During snack time it is important for children to get the right nutrients for the energy they need and use. Then they will have free play again for about an hour and a half then it will be lunch time, then story time, then they would be told to go and get their coats and bags to go home. Then the children will be called out one by one when their parents can be seen.When I was in placement at a nursery I saw they had a set routine that met the needs of every child, this worked because the children were aware of what is going on and what is happening next. I saw that this also helped their behaviour because they knew what they were doing as soon as they came in. Therefor in the future when I work with children I will know that keeping to a set routine, helps get through the day easier, without any confusions or uncertainty and everyone including staff knows what their role is for the day. Penny Tassoni Childcare and Education Cache Level 2 Published by Heinemann 2007

International Business Mnc Essay

IntroductionMulti National Corporation engages in domestic and alien return development. sometimes the array country has a output (labor, ingredient, part, etc) that is r ar or less pricey than producing it in the folk country and and then establishing a transnational Corporation is a win-win for the host country as off the beaten track(predicate) as supply, demand, labor and financial value. Many corporations soon engage in Multinational go-ahead and be prospering in their travails. Having production linees that are active in MNC truly creates a world(prenominal) channel community where mutual interests and product development are substance to the needs of the customer, patronage and supercharge strange economies with jokes, businesses and exporting goods. Country Economic trunk Political environs Legal environment Technological China meld prudence Socialism Complex regulations Japan sundry(a) economy Capitalism complexity France Mixed economy Capitalis t/Socialist ComplexityEthical system Social debt instrument indicators Cultural dimension Confucianism Laws & regulations collectivismLaws & regulations Collectivism Laws & regulations CollectivismProduct, Business Plan and outside(prenominal) Direct Investment (FDI)Acai berry is primaeval to Central and South America and the specify is a great anti-oxidant that can be used for some(prenominal) purposes. My c exclusivelyer, Natural mantrap, has partnered with Acai decoration tree companies in Belize to take into account the product and have manufacturing warehouses located in Belize. This foreign ask investment offers a win-win office for all of the companies involved. We have chosen the downriver vertical FDI as a way of life to partner with Acai palm tree farms and companies in Belize. The home country is the U. S. and although the product is non sold in Belize however it is distributed in other countries such as the get together States, Brazil, France, England, Ch ina, Japan, and Qatar.There are multiple returns of an FDI as show in the ownership, location, and internalization (OLI) good example (Peng, 2011). thought the framework I encounter that ownership allows for possession and leveraging of resources, set and other added components to allow a emulous food food market. The Location component considers that we are miserly to our main ingredient with the product, that we are adequate to(p) to have labor, ingredients and manufacturing at the lowest monetary value available while providing a boost to the host countries topical anesthetic anaesthetic economy and creating global competition. We are in several countries which provide internalization and we have intellectual seat rights over all of our products, processes and business plan.We comfort our businesses by knowing our public exposure risks and safeguarding against them as much as come-at-able. Since we know our dissemination risks we are able to safeguard against ru le competitors that may branch out from local distributors. We in addition are cognizant of market imperfections and do our best by means of our outside(a) legal team to stay abreast of international work, business and government regulations. We also have safeguards against agglomeration due to the international hysterical neurosis over the Acai berry, plant and trees. We do this through our contract clauses which state other companies cannot be located within a trustworthy distance, city, or space as ours in host countries.Natural Beauty, Inc. understands the intricacies of business and politics, particularly within an international structure. We are in no way operating as a monopoly or radical imperialistic (Peng, 2011) business. We believe in free market and work with our host country partners to ensure that each of them are maximizing their ability and invested in the good and services provided by our joint venture. It is important that the FDIs benefits outbalance t he be and it is truly a win-win for all parties involved. equal and Benefits of FDIAs we can only imagine, in that location are benefits and monetary value to both the host and the home countries involved in Multinational Corporation. The benefits for Belize are the nifty inflow, technology, management and rent out creation. The other countries of distribution have the equal benefits that boost local knowledge, economy and globalization. The costs for the host countries are loss of sovereignty, capital jet, and competition. The largest benefit is creation of jobs and expanded knowledge. The largest cost is loss of sovereignty. The benefits for the host countries must outweigh the costs and only the local governments and direct companies involved can project extra time which is more beneficial for them.The benefits for the Natural Beauty in the U.S. are earnings, exports, and learning from foreign whereas the costs are capital outflow and job loss. The latter can be quite de vastating if the proper precautions and business plans are not in key in addition to being aware of local/international politics. However job loss here means possible savings in salary/ final payment in other host countries where the earning are not as high which saves the company money. The largest benefits are earnings and learning from overseas. The largest cost is job loss and the political mode around American companies that take their businesses abroad (remember NAFTA). Another threat is that local business can learn your process and then become your largest competitor and they have the home field advantage. This is known as the infection effect (Peng, 2011).We recognize that FDIs can be complex and must be in return beneficial for all parties involved and then we make a conscientious effort to recognize the need for location advantages, licensing and outsourcing knowledge/expertise and understanding of constraints (political and business in order to be successful). Futu re of MNCThe incoming of Multinational Enterprise is contingent upon unbowed understanding of global communities and global business. Understanding that free market, consciousness and international trade laws will dictate most of the business efforts and establishments. Many companies are already spicy in MNC successfully (BMW, Coca Cola, etc) and those arouse in exploring this option should create several case studies looking at the successful and not so successful efforts in this realm to learn from them. I retrieve that host MNC countries participating in FDI should be careful not to lose their index number and prestige in the name of partnering for monetary gain. It is easy for smaller less healthy countries to get lost in the MNC FDI advantage for the sake of job creation and boosting local economy however not at the cost of their culture, citizens and green space (for those working with rainforest communities or those with precious agriculture). The hereafter of MNC can be bright when all parties involved are up bowel movement and conscious about maintaining and win-win business.ReferencesPeng, M., (2011). Global. 1st chance variable Mason, OH, Cengage Learning www.alibaba.com//CN/technological-environment.htmlLuthans, F., & Doh, J. P. (2012). International management Culture, strategy, and port (8th ed.). Boston, MA McGraw-Hill.

Ranbaxy Case Project Essay

Eli Lilly Ranbaxy is an example of a joint venture that was pursued keyword with the right strategy, which was a result due to a changing US pharmaceutical market and a rapidly expanding ancient India market. The two companies in this IJV were both significant players within their home countries, Eli Lilly and Company in the US and Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited extract from India. When the possibility of establishing a joint venture was approached in 1992, the Indian market for other pharmaceuticals was becoming more open to foreign direct investment.Also India at the time was putting a lower limit on the amount of foreign ownership, from 40 percent to 51 percent, creating less foreign competition in the region.If much everything is functioning smoothly, continue with the plan but you always have the choice to change different elements up to suit the requirements of your organization if there are roadblocks on the way.The evolution of the kidney international joint venture was str ategically handled with early success, starting off with the name of the company, aged Eli Lilly Ranbaxy; it was strategically named for future success within the region. Mascarenhas stated, â€Å"The same reason for this was based on my earlier experience in India, where ‘good quality’ rightly or wrongly, was associated start with foreign imported goods.Eli Lilly Ranbaxy sounded foreign enough! † With Ranbaxy being the largest manufacturer of bulk pharmaceuticals in India, and with a domestic market share of 15 percent, they provided the knowledge needed for the local domestic market and helped establish a name in the region for Lilly. Mascarenhas and Gulati had a public good working and personal relationship; they had good interdependent communication, which was a crucial factor in the JV implementation and because Ranbaxy provided Eli Lilly with easy entrance and networks to the young Indian market.Eden Project isnt just a favorite tourist attraction, its a so cial enterprise that intends to inspire private individuals to go on a journey of discovery about the type of society we wish to live (Eden Project, 2011).

The first joint venture provided product and marketing strategies, in which they employed successful corporate social responsibility of providing the physicians start with relevant medical information Ranbaxy and Lilly were two companies that were successful in establishing a joint new venture because they had a lot of the same common values. They both had high ethical standards, when presenting how their products to doctors within the market; they would answer all questions correctly and to the best of preventing their knowledge.Since their products were not known within the local market, Eli Lilly used a strong sense of honesty called the â€Å"Red little book values†, with local doctors and began to gain their respect and trust. young Andrew Mascarenhas, from Eli Lilly and Company was the first successful managing director good for the joint venture.Strategic human resources ensures sufficient staffing to satisfy your organization objectives, matching the appropriate many individuals with the skills in the acceptable time.Mascarenhas and his team had to strategize on how to popular appeal to a wider range of employees through future opportunities amongst the company. Eli Lilly Ranbaxy invested in a military training program. The program was created for the employees to hold strong values for the positions they were hired unlooked for and the positions were customized to Indian standards.Mascarenhas brought Eli Lilly’s values to the joint venture; he what was instrumental in the training program and made sure those values were shared.The moment the author is appointed, they begin working on your introductory essay in line.

Aided by his knowledge in marketing, the JV saw an improved rapid growth in sales.Rajiv Gulati was shortly promoted after Chris Shaw. Already having history with the joint venture Gulati how was initially the director of marketing and sales. He saw his time as the director an opportunity for growth, which was achieved by implementing medical and regulatory units which helped the company exceed the average economic growth rate in the Indian pharmaceutical industry.Supply forecasting determines the resources accessible to satisfy the demands.The initial start up of the temporomandibular joint venture was faced with constant challenges, many in the form of government regulations great but because of the functional working relationships between Mascarenhas and Gulati, the JV reached their break-even point in 1996 wired and soon realized profitability. With the growth of the pharmaceutical market the company also went through significant changes to keep up with innovations.New manag ers were introduced during the course of these changes and launched multiple new successful units, which saw a steady annual economic growth rate of 8 percent. The joint venture also became the world’s 12th leading pharmaceutical supplier in last over 150 countries by 2001, and continuously developed new drugs through extensive research and development.It is a instrument to develop business strategies unlooked for businesses that are existing as well as for start-up companies.

When they learned the patent general laws changed in India, it encouraged them to establish a joint venture there. The experience brought about by the new international joint venture helped both companies enhance its overall market line and its great potential of innovation and discovery.Eli Lilly and Company gained experience in the market perspective of Asian many countries while establishing India as their hub. Also they gained significant experience in how to introduce preventing their products within a market where they were not commonly known.Normally, an international joint venture is a company thats owned by some companies of distinct nationalities.The main reason for the they separation, is that each company started to focus on different objectives when the industry started to grow, Ranbaxy focusing on generics and Lilly focusing on research and development. To implement this action Eli Lilly would have to buy out Ranbaxy’s financial stake within the company.Wit h Indian regulations favoring towards a more foreign owned market, this strategy would allow Eli Lilly total ownership logical and control over their present and future products specifically because of enhanced patent protection for the medico pharmaceutical industry. Though this is action could lead to potential profits in research and further development for Lilly, the implications of these actions could come with potential losses, not factoring in the high cost of the buyout.With the rise of the pharmaceutical marketplace it also went through important changes to keep up with inventions.

With your prior skills inventory, you will learn which employees in your big business are readily available to fulfill your demand.Workers that are employed in the insurance industry might have to take a test whether insurance is your suitable career choice for them to find out.Risks start with instant consequences ought to be addressed on a priority basis to prevent any harm.Finally, though it is a simple mere fact that globalization plays a important part in spreading the impacts of the global financial crisis on the opposite side of the Earth, it is likewise true that after measures were taken to halt the catastrophe from accelerating, the worldwide economy hauled back letter from the verge.